We Got Trouble?

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In the Broadway musical The Music Man, one of the most famous songs is called “Ya Got Trouble?” During the song, a smooth-talking con man named Harold Hill tries to convince River City, Iowa locals that they need to give him money for band uniforms and instruments so that he can put together a marching band for the young people and protect them from the debauchery of a pool hall. I’m no con man, and I’m not asking for money for a marching band, but I’m sad to say my words today sound a little like Professor Harold Hill’s in the sense that I think we might be about to be in for some trouble, right here in the good ‘ole US of A.

You see, for many employees and retirees, open enrollment is about to begin, and for people insured through the Health Insurance Marketplace, open enrollment starts November 1st. And the word on the street is not good. I have read numerous pieces from typically liberal-leaning and typically conservative-leaning outlets and I've listened to multiple industry experts talk about 2017 health insurance coverage, and they all seem to be saying the same basic thing: brace yourself. The number of insurance carriers is going down, the number of plans available is going down, and the quality of coverage seems to be going down while the cost of coverage is going up, considerably. Last week some of this projected trouble came to fruition as the White House announced marketplace plan premiums will go up by an average of 25% in 2017.

If you read my blog, you know I’m not often one to sound the alarm. I’m not sounding the alarm today either, but I am trying to get your attention. When your open enrollment packet comes, you need to treat it like you are a member of the bomb squad. Carefully analyze every detail of your situation and proceed only with extreme caution.

We’ll have to see what happens to your premium. We’ll have to see what happens to mine. For now, here are a few general thoughts:

• If you get a scary letter that your plan doesn’t exist anymore, don’t panic. You’re just going to have to pick another one.
• If your plan is discontinued, don’t assume you will roll into a similar plan. Likewise, if your plan is still available, don’t assume you will automatically be reenrolled. In some cases, insurance companies feel they are now better off if they don’t have you as a customer at all, so the days of them trying to keep you with some sort of automatic election or renewal may be over. Be careful. You need coverage.
• A lot of deductible amounts are supposedly going to be higher. If you are looking at a lower deductible plan option, look closely. It may not be as favorable as it once was.
• A lot of co-insurance percentages are supposedly going to be less, so read carefully.
• If you are considering going to a lower coverage plan to try and minimize increased premiums or to actually try to reduce your premium, consider your financial situation if you have a major medical event. You could be setting yourself up to win the financial battle if you’re healthy, but lose the financial war if you get sick.
• The length of covered physical therapy treatments is supposedly going to be reduced. Read the fine print, particularly if you are planning or expecting a surgery that will require extended physical therapy.
• Some procedures now require other procedures in order to be covered. For example, you might need a CT scan, but it might only be covered if you first have an X-ray. I can personally attest to that little quirk, so read the fine print now, and if the time to use your coverage comes, ask a lot of questions, work with your doctor, and be proactive with your health insurance provider to make sure you play the game as best as you can to reduce your out-of-pocket expenses.
• If you are considering changing health insurance providers or plans, make sure your doctors you really like are still going to be willing to see you. A trusted, experienced physician might be worth a little higher premium if you can still see them.
• If you are a retiree and your old employer has always paid your health insurance premiums, you might want to look into how much longer that is going to be the case. With the premium increases of recent years, the expected premium increases in 2017, and the projected premium increases going forward, many companies are beginning to pass some of the health insurance coverage burden to their retirees.
• If your deductible or maximum out of pocket figure is greater than your cash on hand and rainy day fund, it may be time to boost those up so you can remain financially solvent even if you get hit with a real medical issue.

I’m truly sorry I can’t offer you something more concrete. I just want to warn you about the common tremors I am hearing from media sources that rarely agree. I hope I’m wrong, I hope there’s no trouble in River City, and I hope I can just go play pool!

-Tom

Continuing Care Retirement Communities

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Continuing Care Retirement Communities or CCRCs are becoming more and more common. CCRCs are retirement communities that offer different levels of service and health care at the same location or campus. Most CCRCs have apartments, cottages, or small houses, which allow healthier residents to experience a neighborhood feel while still enjoying access to the amenities (restaurants, gyms, libraries, clubs, etc.) of the larger campus. CCRCs also usually have smaller apartments or rooms for residents who need more assistance in addition to skilled nursing facilities and rehabilitation centers. The idea is to not have to move to multiple residences towards the end of one’s life, and to not have to be separated from a healthier or sicker spouse.

The growing popularity of CCRCs is due to a number of reasons. For one, residents want to keep their independence as long as possible and CCRCs allow them the flexibility to do so. CCRCs also allow many sick residents to stay with, or at least in the same facility as, their healthier spouse. Additionally, many residents either do not want to be a burden on their spouse or family, or simply do not have spouses or families that are able to handle the burden of care necessary to support them. With people living longer and longer, I would expect this trend to continue. I’ve already seen it as I have helped a growing number of clients transition themselves or their parents to CCRCs. It’s a big decision; emotionally and financially, and one that should not be taken lightly. In that spirit, I’d like to offer a few financial tips I’ve learned along the way.

1. Know what you can do. As you might imagine, there are varying qualities of CCRCs with varying costs. It’s important to look at what your new living expenses would be and whether that is a feasible “burn rate” given your amount of assets and life expectancy. Many people have to sell their primary residence to make a move to a CCRC possible.
2. Figure out your real estate options. If you need to sell your primary residence when moving into a CCRC, talk with the CCRC before making any decisions. In some cases they have people or relationships that can help you clean out and even sell a home at discounted rates. I’m talking estate sale experts, realtors, and mortgage brokers. Some CCRCs offer financing on a short term loan between the time you sell your primary residence and move in, but sometimes “outside” financing on a loan to bridge you between the sale of your old home and the purchase of your new CCRC home may be necessary.
3. Consider refundable versus nonrefundable options. Some CCRCs charge you more up front, but promise to give your heirs a portion of your down payment back after you pass away or if you pass away within a certain period of time. Depending on the specific offer, your financial capabilities, and your life expectancy, there can be a strategic decision to be made here.
4. Consult with a CPA. At certain CCRCs, a portion of your initial down payment can qualify as a medical deduction for income tax purposes. Ask any CCRC you are considering if this is the case, and then if so, talk with your CPA. A really large medical deduction might cause you to have a really low or negative income tax year in the year you move into a CCRC, so it may make sense to pull some income forward or recognize some extra income in such a year if possible. Perhaps the CCRC will let you pay the down payment over two tax years so you can spread out the deduction? A medical deduction for moving into a really nice CCRC can near six figures, so the tax planning on this isn’t something to just do yourself or with your generic tax software!
5. Get on a waiting list sooner rather than later. There are more people interested in CCRCs than there are spots available. If you know there is a particular facility you are interested in or you have friends going into, inquire if there is a waiting list. Usually you can get on a waiting list for several hundred to a few thousand dollars that may even be refundable if you change your mind. You may not be able to get into the CCRC you want to when you need it if you don’t go ahead and get on the list beforehand!

As always, if I can be of assistance to you or someone in your family considering a move into a CCRC, please let me know. You know where to find me.

-Tom

Normal Investors – Status Quo

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Think back to Thanksgiving. Remember the turkey, the dressing, the delicious side dishes, and the waiting on Aunt Ethel to finish warming her green bean casserole? Think about where you were sitting. Was this where you always sit? If you typically celebrate Thanksgiving in the same way, at the same place, with the same people, I bet you were sitting in your usual place. Given the chance, would you have chosen a different seat? Unless you’re still stuck at the “kid’s table,” you’re over an air vent, or that really smelly cousin is next to you, I bet you would prefer not to change seats.

Where do you bank? If it’s with a big, national bank, I bet there’s a pretty good chance it’s where your parents banked or where you have banked for a long time. Why do you still bank there? Is the interest rate spectacular? Is the customer service spectacular?

Why do many people sit at the same spot every year at Thanksgiving? Why do many people bank with the same bank for all of their lives? I think it’s because it’s easier to stay with what you know. It’s easier to stay with what you have. It’s easier to keep the status quo. An inherent desire to keep the status quo is a fifth tendency I believe many normal investors have.

In my line of work people usually come to me for one of two things. Some people want me to analyze how they’re doing financially and to let them know if they’re forgetting anything major or if they’re doing anything blatantly wrong, but a majority of people want me to analyze their financial situation and make recommendations as to how they can improve or enhance their financial standing. In both cases, I often end up trying to get people to tweak their financial status quos. From my experience I’ve found that trying to convince someone to diversify out of a particular stock they’ve always had can be like trying to convince a teenager they can’t keep dating someone, trying to tell someone they need to reduce their lifestyle a little can be like trying to tell a sports fanatic they can’t watch all of their team’s games, and trying to get someone to change their insurance coverage can be like trying to get someone to change an ingredient in grandma’s legendary potato salad recipe. Even if people concur with my recommendations, achieving the implementation of those recommendations, can be another thing entirely.

This status quo tendency to stay with what you know and are used to negatively impacts many investors. It can cause someone not to prudently diversify their investments. It can cause someone not to reallocate/rebalance their portfolio at the top of a bull market or at the bottom of a cyclical pullback. It can even cause someone to never invest at all!

Another part of the status quo tendency is that many people, like myself, don’t enjoy making difficult or complicated decisions. Consider organ donation. Are you an organ donor? Are you not? Don’t you want to help others? Don’t you want every chance to live before your organs are “harvested?” Let’s consider organ donation in Europe. Look at the chart below showing the percentage of citizens in certain European countries who are organ donors.

 

Why are there so many less organ donors in Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Germany? It’s because in Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Germany, you have to opt-in to be an organ donor. If you go with the default, you are not an organ donor. In the other countries illustrated in blue, the opposite holds true. You have to opt-out to not be an organ donor. If you go with the default, you are an organ donor. I find this pretty convincing that many people feel it’s easier to go with the status quo than really spend the time and energy considering and implementing a difficult decision like whether to be an organ donor or not; or whether to diversify investments, cut spending, or adjust insurance.

Change can be good, but change is not always better. It’s my job to give people confidence when they have a good thing going, and to give people questions to ponder and recommendations to consider when I believe the status quo can be improved upon. Don’t just be a normal investor. I encourage you to really consider your status quo, and to tweak it if necessary.

-Tom

12 Simple Things You Can Do to Pay Down Debt

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One of the key requirements to making it financially is to work towards paying down your debt and becoming debt-free. It’s a marathon process, not a sprint, and it’s not very much fun, but it is oftentimes critical in order to really achieve financial success. Financial author Dave Ramsey has a quote related to this that I like a lot: “If you will live like no one else, later you can live like no one else.” With that goal in mind, here are twelve simple things you can do to give yourself more cash to put towards paying down your debt.

1. Request rate reductions. At least once every couple of years, call your auto and home insurance provider, your television provider, your security system provider, and anyone else who is sending you a bill and see if they can give you a better rate. Ask them if there is anything they can do to lower your costs as you are looking at your monthly expenses. Look at it this way, there’s no harm in asking!
2. Plan before you go to the grocery store. This works for any store, but especially the grocery store. Buy what you came to get, and unless it’s truly the deal of the century, nothing else. If you want to take a few minutes and look through the coupons before you go, that could lead to additional savings, too.
3. Unplug the home phone. Other than telemarketers and maybe a family member or two, who calls you at home? This is a real easy way to save some cash every month, so go ahead and call the phone company if you haven’t already. Besides, you’re probably already paying more than enough for your cell phone!
4. Sell your unused items. If you have a possession that has dust on it or you’ve forgotten you own it, you probably don’t need it. If paying off debt means more to you than those types of objects, it’s time for a garage sale and some online listings. Put the cash proceeds towards something you do need; less debt!
5. Grow a small garden. If I had $3 for every time I buy a squash or a zucchini. What? My wife likes squash and zucchini (and now I do, too). Seriously, have you seen how expensive fresh produce can be? I’m not talking about growing your own farmer’s market, but a few berries, a few vegetables, or even some herbs could go a long way towards reducing your grocery bill. Besides, I could use a little sunshine on the back of my neck!
6. Lower your cable package. So many channels, so little time. So many channels, so much cost. So many unused channels. Need I say more?
7. Bye bye magazines. The next time you’re over at someone’s house look at their magazines. More often than not, I’ve observed that they will be in mint condition. Lots of people pay for lots of magazines they don’t read. The savings may not be substantial, but by cancelling unused subscriptions, you save cash, you save clutter, and you save your mailman. Win, win, win!
8. Read a book. I’m serious. It may be the year 2015, but you can’t forget the enjoyment of one of the original entertainment devices. Books are relatively inexpensive, can offer hours of pleasure, and are a lot of fun.
9. When you go out to eat, get two hydrogens and an oxygen on the rocks (just ask Jennifer Lawrence…). Seriously, iced tea, soda, lemonade, beer, wine, and cocktails are all delicious, but they aren’t free. Improve your personal health and your wallet’s health and consider going with delicious, usually free water.
10. Eat at home. In line with my beverage comment, the food from eating out can be expensive, too! Sure, go on those date nights and celebrate the weekend, but if you’re trying to save cash, having a reservation at home is often the frugal way to go.
11. Make bigger meals. Oh I can hear the super health-conscious people screaming already, but please hear me out. If you are making a salad with lots of vegetables and balsamic vinaigrette for dinner, why not make enough for lunch the next day? It is probably cheaper to add another tomato, another bag of spinach, and use a little bit more off that cucumber you’re going to throw away at the end of the week than if you make a totally different meal for your lunch. Yes, you’re eating the same meal twice in rapid succession, but you’re working towards paying off your debt in rapid succession, too!
12. Make your coffee at home. I see so many lattes and chai teas in elevators. They are delicious, there’s no doubt about it, but they’re expensive, too. I once wrote about one expensive cup of coffee turning into a sports car as some of you may recall. Right now we’re focused on debt, not a sports car, but the principle holds true. Like other frequent pleasures and splurges, daily cups of expensive Joe can slow your financial progress.

 

I didn’t title today’s post “12 Easy Things” or “12 Ideal Things” because they may not be easy for you or sound highly desirable. That’s okay. These 12 things are just relatively simple to implement, and they can be good “medicine” for your financial health. It’s not quite Mary Poppins, but a few spoonfuls of these medicines might just help your debt go down.

 

-Tom

The Hidden Costs of Changing Jobs

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For whatever reason, I’ve had a lot of people recently ask me about changing jobs. Maybe it’s been all the rain, maybe the end of year bonuses weren’t so good, or maybe with the holidays and New Year’s, everyone just forgot how much fun a five-day workweek can be. Either way, there is an awful lot to consider if you are thinking about changing jobs. I’ve covered some of the basics of changing jobs before, but today I thought I’d share with you some of the hidden costs you should consider before changing jobs.

Hidden Cost #1:  Parking – Don’t make the mistake of assuming your current parking situation will be the same as your next parking situation if you are planning on leaving your current employer for a $1,000 raise. This is particularly true if you are going from a suburb to a city or a small city to a big city. Parking can be a serious expense, and not all employers are going to pay or reimburse you for it.

Hidden Cost #2: Clothing – There are lots of different wardrobes required for lots of different careers, but if your new job is going to require a substantially different “Monday through Friday collection,” I’d suggest you factor this into your decision. I personally felt this when I went from a business casual environment to somewhere between a business professional and black tie environment. Okay, I haven’t had to wear a tuxedo just yet, but suits, ties, dress shoes, and cuff links don’t grow on trees!

Hidden Cost #3: Vesting – This could be buried in those documents you signed when you first started working for your current employer (saying that you’d read them when you probably didn’t), but it’s worth understanding if any of your benefits are on vesting schedules. Quite frequently, things such as employer 401(k) contributions, pensions, and stock options have vesting schedules. Put simply, a vesting schedule means you only get to keep a certain amount of what you’ve been “given” if you leave before a certain point in time. If you’re miserable or have a great opportunity, then change jobs. On the other hand, if you are hastily plotting the delivery of your resignation letter on a rainy Tuesday, look to see if any of your benefits are on vesting schedules and make sure you don’t leave three days before the 60% of your employer’s 401(k) contributions you get to keep becomes 80%.

Hidden Cost #4: Pension Implications – I really think pensions are headed in the direction of the dinosaurs and dodo birds, so if you are working towards one, just know a lot of other people are jealous. A pension is an unbelievable and usually steady benefit for a retiree, and because they’ve been such a huge benefit, they have cost companies a lot of money over the years. It is not a mystery why they are being phased out. All that just to say that walking away from a pension benefit could be a decision with long-term consequences, so consider your next actions carefully.

Hidden Cost #5: Health Insurance – Health, dental, and vision benefits vary an awful lot from company to company, and you should certainly keep that in mind. A small pay raise can easily become a net loss if the health coverage significantly varies between Job A and Job B. This hidden cost difference can even be exacerbated if your spouse is on your insurance or if your family is growing.

Hidden Cost #6: Cost of Living – Let’s face it, Little Rock, Arkansas, and Los Angeles, California, are not the same place. Humorously enough, the people of Arkansas and California are also probably okay with that! Either way, things don’t cost the same in different places. If you are going to need to get on an airplane to go to your new “office,” you are going to want to really consider the change in cost of living versus the change in your compensation or benefits. The cost of groceries, the cost of gasoline, the state income tax rate, and property taxes can all be big surprises unless you’ve done your homework.

In case my employer is reading today’s post, I should probably go ahead and articulate that I’m not looking to change jobs. Besides, if I was, I’d be thinking about getting out my old trombone, trying to restart my musical theatre career, or becoming a high school U.S. history teacher. Don’t worry, I’d keep 2MuchCents up and running as a hobby!

-Tom

Landing the Plane

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Many of you know that I love analogies. One of my favorites that I use with people who are nearing the end of their careers is that they should think about entering into retirement like landing a plane. Whether the gainfully-employed ride has been smooth sailing or more than a little turbulent doesn’t really change the fact that you need to be prepared to land the plane. The retirement landing can be graceful and you can reach your home destination smiling, or the landing can go pretty poorly and even end in a fiery crash of sorts. Most people prefer the graceful landing that ends with smiling, so if you’re thinking about retirement, I thought I’d share a few tips on how you might want to land your very own plane.

1. Get Your Cash Up – When working, I recommend most people keep around three to six months’ worth of their core living expenses in cash. In retirement, I’ve found that most people prefer a little more. If you have a particular cash number that helps you sleep better, go for it, but otherwise I normally recommend one to two years’ worth of your core living expenses in cash. That may sound a little crazy to you, but when your paycheck goes away (or goes down) when you do retire and there is a cyclical pullback in the stock market, you might feel differently.
2. Have a Plan for Where Your Income Will Come From – If you have a pension, that’s really great, but where is the rest of the cash you need to fund your lifestyle going to come from? Randomly pulling cash from various investment accounts and haphazardly deciding when to turn on an annuity or start drawing Social Security is usually not a good strategy. You need a plan! There are tax implications and timing implications that need to be considered if you want to land as efficiently and effectively as possible!
3. Strive to be Debt-Free – This may require using a decent chunk of your assets, or you might even decide that you want to work a year or two longer so you can do this, but if you can go into retirement debt-free, it is huge! Imagine how it feels to still get that mortgage bill you’re used to when you’re not getting that pay check you’re used to. Being debt-free going into retirement not only really seems to help many of my clients psychologically, but it also helps take pressure off cash and investment accounts. If your monthly mortgage payment is making up a sizable chunk of your fixed expenses, and you can make it disappear before you lower your landing gear, I’d be willing to bet you’ll feel a lot better.
4. Make the Big Purchases Before You Retire – What? I’m telling you to spend money? Well, sort of. This may also sound a little batty, but if you are going to need something such as a new car or a new roof in the next couple of years, I’d probably suggest you go ahead and accelerate that purchase while you’re still working and making the big(ger) bucks. Assuming your retirement income will be a little lower than your working income, I’ve found that going ahead and taking care of some of the big ticket items can make your landing feel a little smoother. Put simply, big expenses can hurt the psyche and the pocketbook, but they seem to hurt less if you’re still working.
5. Get to Know Your New Boss/Co-Worker – I’m certainly not a therapist, but I am observant enough to have noted that some people’s transition to a little more family time seems to go better than others. Sure, you’ll have to get used to spending a lot more time with your husband or wife, but that knife cuts both ways; they will have to get used to spending a lot more time with you, too! Working to improve your relationship with your spouse and developing some mutual and separate activities before you retire are probably really good ideas. I’ve heard it said that retirement is twice as much spouse and half as much money! I don’t know about that, but you get the point. Consider some relationship planning before you exit your plane and head to baggage claim.
6. Think About What You’re Going to Do Once You’ve Landed – I know I said I’m not a therapist, but you need a plan for you when you retire. My busy, ambitious, and hardworking clients who eat, sleep, and bleed what they do for a living tell me that retiring can feel like jumping off of a moving train. The emotions of that jump and coming to a relative stop can be a tough adjustment. Take a trip, sleep in for a few weeks, do the crossword, but have a plan for after that. Things such as volunteer work, periodic consulting, gardening, car restoring, or woodworking can be good things. You’re going to want to have something to do. Retiring is a treat for some, but I’ve seen it be a difficult pill for others to swallow. Do as you wish, but I’d suggest you have some hobbies and groups lined up before you bid your boss adieu.

 

I don’t know about you, but I think the landing is one of the most important parts of a flight. If you’re beginning your descent and could use a little help making your approach, please let me know. This has been your captain speaking.

 

-Tom

Quit It!

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A lot of my posts aren’t meant to get you to actually do something. Most of them are just supposed to make you think about life and your finances, and occasionally laugh a little. Some of my posts are more of a “call to action,” where it is my hope that you will either continue doing the good practices you are already doing or change potentially troublesome ways and proceed differently. Either way, today’s post is a little different. I’m not going to suggest that you do this or that you do that. Instead, I’m going to share several, common, bad financial habits that I see a lot of and ask you NOT to do them.

1. Carrying a Credit Card Balance – You should pay off your credit cards each and every month without exception, period. If there is an exception or you’re not at a place where you can pay off all of your credit cards, you really should adjust your lifestyle until you can. The impending doom of credit card debt and its frighteningly high interest rate(s) just aren’t worth it. Use credit cards for your convenience and to earn perks, but not to buy what you will have trouble affording.
2. Having Too Small of a Rainy Day Fund – Do you really have savings? I’m not just talking about specifically having a savings account – I mean actual savings. If you could not withstand a temporary period of unemployment, you could not afford a used car should something happen to your current mode of transportation, or you would have trouble paying your maximum health insurance deductible, you probably haven’t saved enough. Sure, it’s not fun seeing all of that cash just sitting there, but it does feel good knowing it’s there if you need it, and unless you’re a lot luckier than most, at some point in life, you are going to have a rainy day.
3. Having No Idea Where It’s Going – Want to try something that can be a little scary? Annualize your take-home pay (your paycheck after taxes, insurance, 401(k) savings, etc.), and then back out your annualized fixed expenses such as your mortgage, car payment, and utilities. What happened to all that’s left? Where did it go? If you can’t speak to where a large part of your remaining income went, that may mean you could have better utilized your cash flow towards savings, investing, and debt reduction as opposed to, well, wherever it went.
4. Saving for College, Not Retirement – This one leads me to a serious and not so pleasant question: Would you rather your child have to pay for college or have to pay to look after you in retirement? I know the answer is neither, but in some cases, that may not be an option. Saving for a child’s college expenses is an admirable act of love, but it probably should not be done if it jeopardizes your own financial independence. Children could get scholarships, they could be athletes, they could be artists, and they might not even want or need to go to college. Save for both if you can, but please remember that looking after your own retirement is helping your children in the long run, too!
5. Letting One Spouse Do It All – Unfortunately, I see this time and time again where one spouse is the dominant financial spouse. I’m not necessarily talking the largest “bread winner” here, I’m talking about the situation where one spouse pays all of the bills, balances all of the cash accounts, knows all of the passwords and secret question answers, and keeps all of the files. As long as no one becomes disabled, decides to get a divorce, or dies, having a dominant financial spouse could be fine, but it is a little dangerous. If you have a spouse, I’d encourage you to either split up and alternate some of the duties or at least agree to formally go over your finances once or twice a year. This builds trust, leads to good conversations, and helps make sure the back-up financial quarterback gets some reps should the starting financial quarterback go down.

 

If you’re reading this post, it’s my hope and belief that you are already not plagued with many of these bad habits, but if you are, quit it! If you know a friend or family member who is plagued with some of these bad habits and think of this post, please share it!

 

-Tom

What You Need to Save to Reach $1M

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There is something magical about one million dollars. A lot of people seem to view it as the line between rich and not rich. I don’t buy that as I’ve seen plenty of people with less than seven digits who are personally and financially wealthy, and I’ve seen plenty of people with seven digits or more who are personally “starving” and somehow still feel financially poor. Now that I have car payments and house payments and see taxes and health insurance expenses deducted from my paycheck, I can also see how, over time, someone could go through a million dollars. I think it’s the act of having to use a second comma to write out "$1,000,000” that makes it such a big deal.

I don’t know whether you’re trying to become a millionaire or not. I don’t know whether you’re going to have a pension, what your Social Security may or may not look like, or what type of lifestyle you are looking to sustain in retirement, so I can’t really tell you that a million dollars will even be enough for you. Besides, who knows what taxes will look like when you are ready to retire? Who knows what inflation will be between now and then? What I can tell you is that saving and investing is important, and that saving and investing sooner rather than later can have a critical impact on your future outlook.

Below, please take a look at a graph showing how much you would need to save per year, based on when you start saving (assuming a flat, six percent annual rate of return), to reach one million dollars by age 65.

For me personally, all of these annual savings figures represent a significant amount of money, but some of them look a lot more feasible than others. If you start saving early by living below or at least within your means, you save diligently paycheck after paycheck, and you have a little bit of luck and good fortune, I think most people should have a shot at saving up a lot of money for retirement - maybe even a million bucks! That being said, if someone keeps buying the latest gadget or accessory, living paycheck to paycheck, and carrying on like there is no tomorrow, starting to save at age 55 or so is not going to be a lot of fun, and more frighteningly, it might not even do that much good.

In short, no matter how old you are or how much you can save, I’d suggest you start saving now! In the words of the hit novel and movie franchise The Hunger Games, by saving now, the odds will be ever in your favor.

-Tom

Savings is a Bill!

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I’ll be the first to tell you that I have some quirks. For example, I have to write out a to-do list every week, my office desk has to be clean before I can go home (I throw stuff in drawers), and seeing a lot of unread emails causes me a lot more angst than it probably should. Another one of my quirks is that I cannot stand unpaid bills. Paper or electronic, if a bill comes in, it gets paid that very day (unless I’m on vacation or seriously ill). Maybe you’re not quite as crazy as me, but if you’re reading this post, I trust you pay your bills pretty promptly, too.

My wife and I are also pretty good savers, but even I must admit that my love for saving money pales in comparison to my hatred of unpaid bills. That’s why when I heard about a new approach, or more accurately, a new twist on how to think about saving, I got excited. The twist is this: What if we viewed savings as a bill?

When the power bill comes in, I pay it. When the mortgage statement comes in, I swear, and then I pay it. When my wife’s credit card bill comes in, she pays it. At the end of the pay cycle, or month, or year, we usually have a little bit more income left over than we have expenses, so we try to save it, but that doesn’t always work out. Luckily, my wife and I have been blessed to have enough coming in to be able to save a little, but we also have to constantly work at being disciplined and diligent enough to save. Even though we’re pleased with our savings efforts, at times, we could do better, and I bet viewing our savings as a bill would help.

The “savings is a bill approach” is not earth-shaking, and it’s certainly not complicated, but if you or your family are struggling to save enough to meet your financial goals, or to save at all, I’d recommend you try this tweak. If savings is a bill, it comes out at the front of the pay period, not at the end. If savings is a bill, it’s a regular expense and must be viewed as a recipient of part of your income pie, not just the residual crumbs. If savings is a bill, I bet you and I will both save more, and more regularly.

Sorry, but I’ve got to run. The water bill calleth!

-Tom

Summer Jobs, Life Lessons

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Some of you may recall that my very first 2MuchCents blog post had to do with how my high school job as a dry cleaner taught me how to view the world in terms of cheeseburgers. It taught me that it took an hour of folding pants, hanging up shirts, performing maintenance on the machines, and sweeping the floors to earn $5.15, and that could buy around five cheeseburgers. You and I may both laugh at that now, but at fifteen, it’s not that weird for a boy to think of cheeseburgers as a currency or unit of measure. Either way, when I started viewing all of my purchases and expenses in terms of cheeseburgers, and the corresponding pants-folding, shirt-hanging, maintenance, and sweeping required to purchase those cheeseburgers, my outlook on the real world was forever changed. My experience as a dry cleaner really did teach me a real-world appreciation for having to work so that I could earn enough money to cover my expenses and buy what I wanted, but it also taught me so much more.

• I learned that if I worked harder while I was at work, I would get to go home sooner.
• I learned that if I worked a lot, I got a bigger check, but that it wasn’t always worth it.
• I learned that admitting that I was the one who left the blue pen in the suit jacket that was now ruined didn’t help my boss’s short-term opinion of me, but it helped cement my integrity with my boss and my co-workers.
• I learned that not stepping in the same hole twice and leaving more pens in suit jackets was a wise choice.
• I learned that, most of the time, greeting people with a firm handshake and looking them in the eye garnered me a little more respect in their book.
• I learned that a “How are you?” and a “Have a good day!” are worth the effort.
• I learned that putting your buddy in a dryer is a great idea, but letting your buddy put you in a dryer is a terrible idea.
• I learned that following through on what I said I was going to do when I said I was going to do it was the single most important thing I could do.
• I learned that the customer is not always right, but they are always the customer.
• I learned what “sweat equity” was.
• I learned that if I worked hard and well, I would get raises, and I would gain keys to work at other store locations with less and less supervision.
• I learned that getting to know your co-workers and checking on them when they’re down makes your workplace a lot more enjoyable for you and for them.
• I learned the importance of being careful with transactions so that my cash drawer would balance at the end of the day.
• I learned that what types of clothes you wear don’t necessarily mean you are rich or poor or nice or heinous.
• I learned that the world was a pretty small place and that I would cross paths with many of the people I waited on in other facets of life.

If you’re finishing up your summer job, I encourage you to reflect on what you’ve learned. If you didn’t work this summer or haven’t worked (and you’re old enough to sit behind a steering wheel), I can’t tell you how important it is that you get a job for your future and your personal development, whether it’s temporary or long-term and whether you like it or not. As the great Vince Lombardi once said, “The dictionary is the only place that success comes before work. Work is the key to success, and hard work can help you accomplish anything.”

-Tom

How Famous People Lose Their Money

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One of the saddest lessons I’ve learned during my time in the wealth management/financial advice business is that no amount of money or income can make someone immune from overspending. If you don’t live within your means, you can blow it; if you don’t properly diversify your assets, they can vanish; and if you do something that’s just plain stupid, you can make a lot of dollar signs go bye-bye, too. When I started writing this post I was going to give you some specific examples of how some famous people lost their fortunes, but the more I researched, the sadder I got. I just couldn’t believe what I was discovering. So, I’ve decided I’ll give you the examples, but I’ll remove the celebrities’ names. This will protect the identities of the personally innocent, but financially guilty. After all, they don’t need any more pain; they’ve already lost most of their money.

• Can you believe that an actor who has been in films grossing more than $4 billion has been reduced to having to take almost any role thrown at him because he lost tons of money on highly speculative investments and wasn’t paying his share in taxes? Maybe so, but he also bought a castle, a dinosaur skull, 22 cars, 47 pieces of art, and a bunch of real estate. Are you kidding me?
• Can you believe that a pretty famous golfer nearly lost it all as a result of gambling away $60,000,000? Sorry, but the zeroes were for effect!
• Can you believe an actress walked away from a movie she had agreed to be in knowing it would cost her $9 million not to honor her previous commitment? Oh, and by the way, she probably could have written a check for the $9 million if she hadn’t recently purchased part of an actual town!
• Can you believe a boxer could throw away $250 million through a bunch of divorces and alimony and child support payments? Of course, there was also a 109-room house…
• Can you believe a really successful musician would buy a $30 million mansion? Actually, I can. What I can’t believe is that he paid 200 people to be part of his “entourage,” and it cost him $500,000 per month! How could anyone maintain that sort of lifestyle? Better yet, why wasn’t I invited to be part of his entourage?
• Can you believe a world champion (and likely hall of fame) pitcher would invest almost everything he earned in his entire career in one, single, solitary investment? Guess what? It didn’t work out! And now he’s too old to pitch…
• Finally, can you believe an actor who has made millions and millions of dollars since 1999 thought it would be okay not to file a tax return reporting his income until 2006? Did he think what happened in 1999-2005 would go away? A lot of back taxes (with penalties and interest) and a little jail time just rocked his oblivious world!

Like I said earlier, I started this post intending for it to be funny, but the stories aren’t funny – they’re sad. I can’t help but think of what I could have done for them if they had sought some genuine, unbiased advice. I can’t help but think about what they could have done for themselves if they’d just lived within their ample means, prudently diversified at least a portion of their assets, and avoided doing things that just aren’t smart. They had it, and they threw it away. Grrrrrrr.

 

-Tom

 

Retirement Cash Flow Strategies

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For most people, cash flows in retirement look different from cash flows while working. The difference is a transition that I have helped many clients through. Cash flow strategy is one of the most important parts of planning for retirement, but it can be complicated since cash flows frequently come from different sources, start at different ages, and carry varying tax implications. People who develop a good plan and stick to it can often add stability and peace of mind, take advantage of tax saving opportunities, and even generate more income in retirement. Let’s look at a few areas:

• Pension Annuity vs. Lump Sum – For retirees who get to choose a pension payment option, this can be one of the most important decisions they ever make. Actuarially speaking, there’s a good chance that your employer is thinking they are offering you the same amount of money whether you elect an annuity or the lump sum, but there are still things to consider. A lump sum offers a surge of money at retirement that can be more easily passed on to your heirs and better protect your purchasing power against inflation if it is properly invested, but a majority of clients I work with seem to find comfort in choosing the annuity option. In most cases, the monthly annuity amount will remain the same until the day you die. This may not help you against inflation, but if you live long enough, it could eventually mean more total money for you. In the meantime, an annuity feels like a paycheck, which is what retirees are used to, and the mental comfort that brings is the main reason I am usually a supporter of a pension annuity election. I also advise most clients to select a “joint and survivor option” if it is available so that a surviving spouse won’t lose their loved one and the benefits of their loved one’s annuity at the same time. This tactic usually costs the spouse whose pension it is a little bit of cash each check, but it can be a tremendous comfort to the other spouse.
• Required Minimum Distribution Planning – I’ve discussed this before, but age 70 ½ is an important half-birthday! I won’t take you back through all of the details we covered in my post “Required Minimum Distributions,” but I will say that you should factor this into your retirement planning. If things are a little tight on you before you have to start these distributions, or if the distributions are going to put you in a higher tax bracket once they begin, it may make sense to start prudently withdrawing from your retirement accounts before 70 ½. This could save you tax dollars and allow you a steadier lifestyle throughout retirement as opposed to cutting it close in your 60s and rolling in cash in your 70s. It’s just a thought, but one you should consider if you’re over 59 ½ (there could be penalties if you withdraw from retirement accounts before 59 ½).
• Social Security Strategy – Many people, including me, are concerned about the long-term solvency of the program as we know it going forward, but there are some Social Security strategies you should consider if your retirement cash flows are doing just fine when you turn 62. If you decide to claim Social Security retirement benefits at age 62 (the earliest applicable age), you are deemed to be collecting benefits “early,” and will only receive around 75% of the benefit you would receive at your “full retirement age.” (Currently, full retirement age is usually between age 66 and 67 for most people, but take a look at this chart to find your specific full retirement age.) If you wait until your full retirement age, you can receive 100% of your benefit, but if your retirement cash flow is still doing just fine at your full retirement age, it might be worth waiting until age 70, when you could receive around 132% of your benefit! That’s around 8% growth per year from age 66 to age 70, and that’s not a bad investment return if you ask me! Putting off claiming Social Security could provide you with more money in retirement if you live long enough, but at the same time, you could be shooting yourself in the foot if you end up passing away relatively young. I would suggest you consider your health and family history, and then consider how much Social Security income at age 62 would help before you decide to delay filing. If you do decide to delay, you can always start before your full retirement age or age 70 if you need to with a partially higher amount of benefits, but it’s probably not worth having beanie weenies in your 60s so you can have filet mignon in your 70s.

I hope you’re beginning to see that if you consider your spending and saving now versus later, the importance of starting off strong, your humble abode(s), your health insurance, and your retirement cash flow strategies, that there are many things you can do to put yourself in the position of having a chance to retire early. That being said, I’ve met plenty of people who could retire early but don’t and plenty of people who did retire early and wish they hadn’t. Some even went back to work! The How to Retire Early Series will conclude next week with a look at why you might not want to retire early even if you followed the advice of my previous posts and could. I hope you’ll check it out.

-Tom

Your Humble Abode(s)

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I want you to think about a few things with me. Think about how much the property taxes are on your home. Think about how much your homeowner’s insurance costs. Think about your monthly water bill, gas bill, and electric bill. If you pay someone to mow your lawn, think about that. Do you have an exterminator or a cleaning person? What about the annual fee for your alarm system monitoring? Do you have HOA fees or neighborhood dues? Do you need a pencil and paper yet to add all of that up? Don’t forget there are also those periodic home maintenance surprises that come up like replacing an air conditioning unit, hot water heater, dishwasher, or roof. The point I’m trying to make is that owning and maintaining real estate is expensive.

If you’re a homeowner you already knew that, but have you ever thought about the significant portion of your living expenses that is tied to the upkeep of your residence? Even when not considering any outstanding debt you might have on your house, having your own place requires a lot of cash flow and chews up a lot of assets. It’s important to realize this when you are working, but it is absolutely critical to understand this when you are planning for retirement.

In order to make it in retirement, you have to live off of any income you have coming in (like pensions or Social Security) plus small portions of your investment assets. Some people can live solely off of their retirement income streams, but most people slowly draw down their investment assets over time to supplement their lifestyle in retirement. The thing is, you don’t want to outlive your investment assets, so you’ve got to have a plan to make your nest egg last. A big part of making your investment assets last in retirement is by reducing your fixed expenses, and as we just discussed, a big part of your fixed expenses is often tied to your humble abode(s).

Whether you are planning for retirement, nearing retirement, or finding that you're eating up your nest egg too fast in retirement, here are some tips that might help:

• Pay off your mortgage(s) before you retire. This will likely reduce your fixed expenses significantly and help you make ends meet in retirement.
• Do major capital improvements to your real estate before you retire. If you’re going to redecorate, finish a basement, or get a new refrigerator, do it while your working cash flow is still coming in. It will make you feel better and give you peace of mind. Think of it as investing in staying put.
• Don’t keep multiple residences if you find it difficult financially or physically. Dusting one house stinks. Dusting two houses is awful! Pick one. Think of all of the property taxes, insurance premiums, utility costs, and lower back pain you will save!
• Get out of town. Sure, stay near the kids, but move to the suburbs or the country. Homes are cheaper, property taxes are lower, and the cost of living is likely lower, too. You’ll feel like you have more purchasing power, and you can add the difference between your urban home selling price and suburban home purchase price to your nest egg to strengthen your overall financial position.
• Consider state taxes on retirees. It’s probably not worth moving states just to save on state taxes, but if you’re on the border or a good portion of your family is in a different state, why not consider it? Take a look at this interactive map, and you’ll see that all states’ taxation is not created equal!
• Finally, think about downsizing. All I’m saying is that if you no longer need five bedrooms, why have five bedrooms? If all of the kids come at once, you can help fund their stays in a nice hotel, and you’ll probably still save money versus maintaining your own five-bedroom “bed and breakfast.” If you do decide to downsize, be careful and make sure you don’t more elegantly furnish a smaller house as opposed to actually downsizing and leaving yourself with some extra proceeds to put with your nest egg.

 

Personally, I plan to have a place on the beach when I retire. If my wife and I can swing it, we’d probably like to keep a place near my parents and her parents and/or near our eventual kids and their families. If we can’t swing it, we’ll just visit a lot because it is often a lot cheaper to pay for a hotel or even rent a place for a few weeks than it is to maintain an extra humble abode!

 

The How to Retire Early Series will continue next time with a look at an important piece of everyone’s retirement puzzle: health insurance.

 

-Tom

Now or Later

Credit: Stuart Miles

Over the course of your life, a certain amount of money is going to pass through your hands. Obviously you could make this amount be larger or smaller based on how long you decide to work, but regardless, someone should be able to say “X” number of dollars went through your hands after you’re dead and gone. What that means (if you go into a financial vacuum and put investment returns and cash flow strategy on the sidelines) is you are going to have a finite amount of money to spend during your days on this earth. I’m not trying to be morbid, but I am trying to point out that if you are only going to have a finite amount of money, you can choose to spend more now or you can choose to spend more later - you can’t do both. This now or later concept plays a huge role in saving for retirement - especially in saving for early retirement!

In order to retire early, you need to:

• Live within your means - I know I go on and on about this, but it really is one of the keys to long-term financial success. Simply stated, if you want to be in a position to retire early, you need to be make progress almost every two-week pay period, not break even, and certainly not lose ground. You need to spend less than you make and you need to save the surplus, invest the surplus, or pay down debt with the surplus. It’s okay if you don’t make financial progress every once in a while when your spouse has an unplanned surgery, your car has an unplanned blowout, or your very favorite sports team makes an unplanned appearance in the playoffs and you decide to attend, but that must be the exception, not the rule. If you can’t always get the new shoes, go bar hopping every Friday night, or go golfing every weekend with the guys and make financial progress, then don’t! I guess you can get the shoes, bar hop, and golf if you really really want to, but please remember, if you choose now versus later, you are hurting later.
• Annihilate your fixed expenses - Sorry for the strong wording, but sometimes words such as reduce, pay down, or extinguish don’t have quite enough “oomph” to them. Fixed expenses are all around us. They can be phone bills, television plans, HOA fees, gym memberships, minimum credit card payments, car payments, and mortgage payments. If you want to be in a position to retire early, you need to wage war on fixed expenses. Sure, there’s not a lot that can be done about some fixed expenses such as HOA fees and phone bills, but you can try to cut back on some "fixed" expenses like an under-enjoyed cable package or a neglected gym membership (better yet, keep the gym membership and go exercise instead of watching television). As for credit cards, I always say pay them off entirely, live within your means, and don’t abuse them again unless it’s truly an emergency. Consider putting extra principal every month towards any student loans, car loans, or mortgages, so you can pay them off more quickly and reduce your interest expense. Fewer fixed expenses means you will need less income in retirement to support your lifestyle, so you could probably retire sooner and with fewer assets.
• As good things happen, live below your means - With any luck and a decent strategy in place, good things should eventually happen to you financially. Maybe your company will do really well and you’ll get a nice bonus, maybe you’ll receive a surprise check in the mail from your sweet great aunt in Kentucky’s executor, or maybe a bull market will cause your investments to really soar for a few years. When this happens, stick with your strategy and do as my late grandfather often said and “keep on keeping on.” Just because you are making more money or have more assets doesn’t mean you have to act like it! Keep yourself grounded and keep telling yourself that what you are experiencing is financial progress and momentum towards your goal of not having to work. All I’m saying is why get a Mercedes if your Toyota is still doing fine? Why go to the Caribbean when you could have a better time in the Gulf of Mexico? If you want to retire early, I’d keep those champagne tastes in check, and stick with your beer budget!

Next week we’ll continue the How to Retire Early Series by taking a look at why you need to save and invest sooner rather than later and what you should do with those savings and investments so you can start strong and finish even stronger.

-Tom

Save the World and Your Budget

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I think all of the Earth Day billboards, television commercials, and radio ads have gotten to me. Maybe it was all of the time I spent looking out the window at the beautiful, glistening winter wonderland while I was working from home during those couple of weeks in February. Who knows what exactly motivated me to go down this road, but I thought I’d share some thoughts on how you can merge cost savings and investing with your inner “tree-hugger.” Here goes:

1. Adjust your temperature settings - Whether you get in the manual habit of adjusting the temperature a few degrees right before you leave the house for work and right before you go to bed or you have one of those fancy, programmable thermostats, paying attention to your temperature settings can save energy and money. Now, don’t go to extremes during the day and crank your air conditioning at night (or else the extra energy it takes to get your house cool could actually take more energy and cost more money), but a few degrees here and there can actually provide some cost savings.
2. Use energy-friendly and eco-friendly light bulbs - They still cost a little more upfront, but these bulbs use less electricity (which can lower your power bill), and based on my experience, they really do seem to last longer. Buying one pricier bulb instead of several cheaper bulbs over the course of a few years provides some cost savings on the light bulbs themselves and also means less harrowing adventures on the ladder!
3. Print less - Paper is expensive, and print cartridges are just ridiculous. Do you really need to hit print when you’ve got a perfectly good digital copy at your disposal? Can you spell check and proofread a little more carefully so you don’t have to print multiple times? What about double-sided printing to get twice as much per page? Save some trees and some money!
4. Do a home energy audit - I know people who can probably do this themselves, and I know people (like me) who would probably be better served to have a contractor take a look, but the eventual savings from undergoing a home energy audit and making a few changes/upgrades to your residence can be substantial. Leaky air flow, poorly sealed windows, and less than stellar insulation could be causing you to use a lot more energy, and in turn, causing you to spend more. A home energy audit may be especially worth consideration if your home is older.
5. Work from home - If your employer will allow it, try working from home periodically. If you can stay focused, you will probably get more done than you would at work, and more importantly, you get to stay in your embarrassing bedroom slippers while saving gas money and reducing emissions.
6. Invest your portfolios in a Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) strategy - This won’t save you a lot of costs, and it could help or hurt your investment returns depending on the particular market cycle, but if you feel very strongly about only investing in companies with environmentally-friendly and non-health-damaging products, this may be for you. Typically an SRI strategy excludes things like stocks from tobacco companies, alcohol companies, lumber operations, and oil and gas companies. Some SRI strategies go so far as to exclude bonds from certain countries that don’t have glowing human rights records or companies whose boards of directors don’t seem to act as good citizens. I know people who love this type of investment strategy and are willing to pursue less-than-optimal investment allocations because they feel their personal principles are more important, but I do not advise this type of strategy for most. If you are interested in this type of strategy, I should caution you that what is socially responsible is sometimes highly subjective, so finding a mutual fund that shares your politics and views perfectly could be challenging, and unfortunately for SRI investors, sometimes companies like Phillip Morris, Anheuser Busch, and Exxon can be pretty good investments.

 

You know I’m all about saving some money, but I’m certainly not opposed to saving the world. I hope you’ll try steps 1-5, and if you feel passionately about what your portfolio is actually invested in, consider number 6.

 

Happy Earth Day!

 

-Tom

Dealing with Debt

Credit: Stuart Miles

One of the most common questions I receive is about paying down debt. If you only have one debt, be it a student loan, a car loan, or a home loan, it’s pretty easy: make the monthly payments and pay a little extra when you can until you don’t owe any more. Paying off that loan will remove a recurring, fixed expense from your monthly cash flow, eliminate your interest expense, and free up some more cash for you to save or invest. However, if you have multiple debts, things can get a little more interesting…

Let’s say you have a car loan for $15,000 at a 4.5% interest rate and a $200,000 mortgage at 4.75%. What should you do? Any financial advisor with any sense at all would encourage you to make the minimum payments on both of your personal liabilities at the very least, but if you ask some of the great financial minds out there which debt you should focus on beyond your minimum payments should you have a little extra cash lying around, you would probably start hearing conflicting answers. What I mean, is that from a longer-term point of view, you should always attack the debt with the higher (or highest) interest rate to maximize your net worth, but from a shorter-term point of view, you should probably go ahead and pay off the smaller (or smallest) debt to lower your fixed expenses a little bit and take some pressure off your cash flow. Every case is different, but if the interest rates of the two debts you are trying to decide between paying more towards are very close AND the amount owed on one of them is significantly smaller than the other one, I’d usually recommend you go ahead and eliminate the smaller debt. The interest rate savings you are giving up are most likely minimal compared to the satisfaction you will feel and progress you will see by eliminating a debt.

Credit card debt is often another matter entirely. Let’s say you have six credit cards with balances on them that you can’t pay off at the end of the month. What do you do? First, read this blog more often, and unless you find yourself in a really, really bad situation, don’t ever rack up a credit card bill you can’t completely pay off at the end of the month! Just say no! Seriously though, what should you do? I’d get a sheet of notebook paper and write down the name of each credit card, the balance you have worked up, the interest rate you will be charged, the minimum payment due, and the maximum credit limit of each card. Make a nice little chart if you like. Either way, I’d advise you to make minimum payments on all of them and then go after whichever credit card has the highest interest rate regardless of the balance you owe. Credit card interest rates have teeth and fangs, so when we’re talking 15% to 25% interest rates or higher, you should really focus on stopping the “interest rate bleeding” as quickly as you can. One other thing probably worth mentioning is that if you have some credit left on some of the cards with lower interest rates, you could potentially take advantage of that remaining credit and try to pay down (or pay off) some of the cards with higher interest rates if your particular credit card(s) will allow you to do so. It’s a creative approach, and you’d need to be careful, but it could work and save you some interest. If you actually resort to this tactic, don’t just pat yourself on the back: go get a pair of scissors and cut that paid-off credit card down its back!

Everyone with debt is in a different financial position with different cash flows and different assets at their disposal, so my proposed debt reduction strategy is not always the same. Whatever path I advise, or more importantly, whatever path you choose to take, I encourage you to take that “freed-up” cash you have every time you pay off a debt and go ahead and put it towards paying down your next debt. This practice is often referred to as a “snowball,” and if you hold true to this strategy, you can really pick up some momentum towards becoming debt-free. 

Almost everyone has debt or has had debt. Please don’t hesitate to let me know if I can help you come up with a plan tailored to deal with your debt.

-Tom

Lessons from Black Friday

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A couple of years ago my wife and I agreed to add two holidays to our calendar: Husband’s Day and Wife’s Day. On Husband’s Day, I can create a day where we do whatever I want (within reason), and on Wife’s Day, the day is hers. In 2013, we decided to celebrate Husband’s Day in June (it’s a floating holiday), and it was truly glorious. The highlights included trips with my wife to the driving range, the bowling alley, the shooting range, and a golf superstore, with guy movies and greasy hamburgers intermixed. Wife’s Day, on the other hand, seems to have become more of a “fixed” holiday, as once again my sly wife somehow settled on Black Friday. Being one that is always happy with bargains and sales, and already in my wife’s debt for her participation in Husband’s Day, I hesitantly agreed to enter the land of competitive shoppers and “door busters.”

This year was my second Black Friday experience, but I still don’t consider myself a veteran - I consider myself a survivor. However, Black Friday isn’t all bad. There are a few things you can do to help make sure your future Black Fridays are successes and not financial burdens you’ll carry into the New Year. 

First, make a list of stores you want to visit. My wife took the time to make a list of stores she wanted to visit in a relative order of importance, while also considering their locations relative to each other and our home. I’m a lucky man for many reasons, but the fact that my wife took the time to have an efficient game plan on Black Friday is certainly another one. It saved us time, it saved us gas, and it kept us from shopping more than we needed to (or I could stand). Sure, we walked in a couple of stores to see something cool we saw from the window, but we primarily stuck to the plan. Sticking to your list of stores is a simple way to prevent overspending.

Second, make a list of the items you’re looking for. We still needed a few Christmas gifts, and my wife and I were both looking for some things for ourselves that we knew could be discounted on Black Friday, so we made a master list of what we were looking for. My wife walked away with a beautiful jacket (that was even more beautiful on sale), but outside of that one, unplanned bargain purchase, we stuck to our list. Limiting your shopping to a single list of items can also be critical in keeping you from overspending.

My third suggestion for you is to have a hard purchase limit. We had a couple of gift cards from birthdays and previous holidays, but we also had a dollar cap in the back of our minds. It doesn’t matter how cute the purse is, how real the leather boots are, or how soft the sweater is, what matters is how far below the “Black Friday cap” you are. My wife and I are careful, thrifty, picky shoppers, and I’m proud to say we got almost everything on our list without coming anywhere close to our self-imposed limit.

Finally, do not open any store-specific credit cards, regardless of how sweet they make the offer. There may be a couple of stores that have decent-enough perks if you are a frequent visitor, but for the most part, just say no. The additional credit inquiries you’ll generate and constant mailings and emails you’ll receive are bad enough, but the main reason for my stance is that I don’t believe people need any more temptation (or capability) to go into short-term debt than absolutely necessary. I’m not one of those screaming debt management gurus who is going to tell you to cut up all of your credit cards, but I am going to tell you to cut up the mostly useless ones, or better yet, don’t even sign up for the mostly useless ones. When my wife and I visited Old Navy on Black Friday, they opened an express checkout line for people willing to apply for an Old Navy credit card, and you should have seen the masses flock. That was dirty, and very well-played by Old Navy, but I waited in the longer line instead of taking the bait. The new card holders may have saved a few minutes, but at least I don't have a new, tempting line of credit!

Black Friday is not all bad, and it does offer a lot of great deals, so fighting the crowds can help you get a bigger bang for your buck. Just remember, 30% off of something you don’t really need is NOT savings – it’s a 70% expenditure you weren’t planning for! If I were a betting man, I bet I’ll get to do Black Friday again on Wife’s Day 2014, but I’ll be ready. Don’t tell my wife or my very manly friends, but I’m beginning to look forward to it.

-Tom

Two Nickels

Credit: Gualberto107

Anyone who knows me at all knows I love quotes, one-line “zingers,” good stories, and witty jokes. The chances are pretty high if I’ve heard a “good one” in the last few days, and you and I come into contact, you’re going to hear it, too. I’m sorry, but it’s just the way I’m wired. Unfortunately, in the last 48 hours I heard a saying that I really didn’t care for. I heard this same idiom twice, and both times, it made me cringe: “He doesn’t have two nickels to rub together.”

That phrase obviously means someone isn’t doing so well financially, but what stood out to me is how different the two scenarios were that people were describing to me using that same phrase. In the first scenario, someone was busting his tail to make ends meet, but he couldn’t seem to catch a break. In the second scenario, someone was making a lot of money, but he was choosing to spend all of his nickels before he ever thought about rubbing a couple of them together. Both instances of this phrase made me pause, and they led me to think about the advice I might give in these two very different scenarios.

Unless your last name is Rockefeller, you will probably go through (or have already gone through) at least one period in your life where it’s hard to rub two nickels together. I was fortunate enough to grow up in a family that could give me all that I needed, but even so, there have been times where things were tight. I remember in high school how quickly a weekend trip could eat away at my hard-earned minimum wage, maximum hour check from the local dry cleaners where I worked. I remember in college how serious things got when gas crossed three dollars a gallon for the first time, and suddenly going home was a little bit more of a financial commitment. I remember when my wife and I were just married, and our dining room had no light fixture, no table, and no chairs. I consider myself very blessed, and frankly, a little lucky, to have had as few lean times as I have, but I don’t take anything for granted and know that what I’ve been given can also be taken away. If you’ve been dealt a tough hand, even if you’ve been repeatedly dealt tough hands, I urge you to press on. Hard work will eventually pay off. You will eventually get that break. Your dining room will eventually have light, a table, and chairs. You will eventually get through the financial wilderness you have been walking through. In the words of my iconic role model Winston Churchill, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.”

As for non-savers, a recent talk at the Terry College of Business Leadership Speaker Series by Dan Cathy, the President and COO of Chick-fil-A, comes to my mind. Mr. Cathy was explaining the differences between wages and profits and the importance of future business leaders and future employees recognizing those differences. These are my words, not his, but what he was getting at is the fact that a company is only profitable if it makes more than it spends to sell or produce what it offers. Essentially, a company is no better off than it was if it doesn’t make a profit. How true this also rings on an individual or family level! I know there are hard times and bad things happen to good people, but if the waters are relatively calm and you are fortunate enough to have a good job, I might make the argument that you and your family are no better off financially if you don’t make a profit. How do you make a profit as a person? By spending less than you make and saving the surplus, investing it, or paying down your already-incurred debt and obligations with it. I can hear it now: “That’s great Tom, but I don’t have a surplus or that much of a surplus.” To continue my company/individual comparison, I’d tell you that a company can only increase its profitability by increasing revenues or cutting expenses. I believe an individual’s situation is very similar, and an individual or family can only increase their profitability (which increases their surplus, which improves their financial situation) by increasing their revenue or cutting their expenses. Now feel free to ask your boss for an increase in revenue, but personally I’d advise cutting those living expenses however much you need to until you have two nickels to rub together.

If you’re going through a tough time, keep your head up and keep on trying. If you’re going through a good time and not taking advantage of it, I’d encourage you to think about those people who would love to be in your position. As the country duo Montgomery Gentry says in their hit song “Something To Be Proud Of:” “You don’t need to make a million – just be thankful to be working. If you’re doing what you’re able and putting food there on the table, and providing for the family that you love, that’s something to be proud of.” And if you keep working hard and make sure you are earning profits and not just wages, I bet you’ll have two nickels to rub together. And if you keep on a little longer, I bet those nickels will become dimes, dimes will become quarters, and quarters will become real dollars.

-Tom