The Best Piece of Financial Advice You’ve Ever Received

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Many of you who know me personally are familiar with my love of quotes and one-liners. What can I say? I like simple statements that can be remembered and candid statements that cut to the chase and don’t beat around the bush. That’s why I asked a number of friends, family members, and people I work with what the best single piece of financial advice was they had ever received. Here are some of the responses:

“Little pigs get fat, but hogs get slaughtered.” – This can have to do with greed or pressing your luck.
“Live below your means.” – This is the number one response for me personally because it’s so short, so powerful, and so true. If you spend less than you make, financial planning becomes a matter of determining the optimal order to go about achieving your financial goals, but if you spend more than you make, financial planning simply becomes a question of how best to take on water.
 “No one on their death bed has ever said they wished they had spent more time at the office.” – There are a lot of disenchanted former employees and retirees that can swear to this one. Then again, there are a lot of friends, spouses, and children who probably can, too.
“If you do something you love, you’ll never work a day in your life.” – There is much more to choosing an occupation than salary, bonus opportunities, vacation days, and benefits, and life moves pretty fast.
“Money often costs too much.” – Don’t let money cost you your happiness, your health, your friends, your family, or your faith. Don’t clinch your fist so tightly that you miss out on what really matters.
“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” – Especially right now given where today’s interest rates are!
“Wealth is the ability to fully experience life.” – I know some multi-millionaires who would be willing to admit they are poor and I know some people living paycheck to paycheck who seem to be quite rich.
“Never spend your money before you have it.” – This can lead to credit card debt and emotional disappointment. Don’t count on gifts, inheritances, bonuses, or equity awards tied to future performance until the money is in the bank!
“The stock market is designed to transfer money from the active to the patient.” Frequent action in a portfolio may feel good, but I firmly believe investing with a long-term approach gives you the best chance for investment success. Sure, make an occasional tactical move and rebalance your portfolio when there has been a sizable move in the markets, but be cognizant that transaction costs, fees, and taxes can kill investment returns.
“If you will live like no one else, later you can live like no one else.” You are going to have a finite amount of money pass through your hands during your life. It’s either more now or more later, and you’re going to need some later.
“Know what you own and why you own it.” I truly believe everyone wants a basic understanding of their finances. If you don’t know why you have something, you should find out why you do, or you probably shouldn’t have it. In practice I don’t ever suggest a technique, strategy, or investment to someone unless I can explain it.
“Try to be greedy when others are fearful and try to be fearful when others are greedy.” This is Buffettesque contrarian investment strategy at its core. It is usually "warmer" if you are in the herd with other investors, but it does often make sense to head in the opposite direction of the herd when it comes to investing. Buy low and sell high. Don’t buy high, sell low, and repeat until you are broke with the rest of the herd!
“Keep giving while you’re living so you’re knowing where it’s going.” – Giving to other people or even charitable causes can be quite fulfilling while you are still alive. It can also be a great way to test your potential beneficiaries and heirs with a little to see if they would be good stewards with a lot.
“Money is nothing more than a tool.” – If you can come to the realization that money is nothing more than a mechanism for peace of mind and a tool to purchase experiences, provide experiences, and further causes, your whole financial, social, and spiritual outlook could look a lot different.

It is my hope that these pieces of financial advice will be as valuable to you and your friends and loved ones as they are to me. If you have one that's not on the list please share!

-Tom

What You Should Do With More

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Earlier this fall the U.S. Census Bureau released exciting data showing that real median household income grew an average of 5.2% in 2015 versus 2014. This represented the first statistically significant increase in income for the middle class since 2007. For the first time in almost a decade, most people have gotten a raise! This good news coupled with it being near the end of the year when sometimes employees are lucky enough to get a raise or a holiday bonus got me thinking that it might not be a bad time to suggest some things you might want to do with your additional income.

If you are fortunate enough to have additional income coming in, in general, here is what I would recommend you do, and in this order:

1. If you are getting a raise, do a little math and see how much more money you will be bringing in each pay period after taxes. That is valuable information to know as you consider your budget going forward.
2. Have some fun! Sure, I’m a numbers guy and a financial advisor, but I also know you only live once. Celebrate your hard work paying off and go eat at that new Italian place, buy that outfit you’ve had your eye on, or get that latest device. Now I’m certainly not suggesting you should blow all of your additional income, but I do think you should live just a little.
3. If your cash rainy day / emergency fund is still not up to at least 3-6 months’ worth of your living expenses, it’s probably a good idea to direct your additional income to rectifying the situation. It’s not an exciting use of assets, but trust me, you will be glad you have a cash safety net in place when life throws you a curveball, and it will!
4. As long as your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is below $132,000 if you are single or $194,000 if you are married and file a joint tax return, you should be eligible to contribute up to $5,500 to a Roth IRA ($6,500 if you are over age 50). This is a great way to save for retirement, and with any luck, your savings will compound over time into a larger tax-free asset.
5. If you have any high-interest credit card debt or you are close to paying off a student loan or car loan and that will erase a fixed, monthly expense, I’d suggest you plow your additional income into your liabilities. It will save you interest expense and improve your financial situation.
6. Top off your 401(k) or retirement plan. Unless you are already contributing the maximum amount, with additional income you should be able to contribute more to your retirement plan. This is a great way to boost your retirement savings and defer having to pay taxes on your additional income until you withdrawal money from your retirement plan later on.
7. Put some extra towards your mortgage or other long-term debt. Again, it’s not an exciting use of your assets, but it will save you interest expense and speed up your progress towards being debt-free!
8. If you are already charitably inclined, consider paying it forward and using your additional income for enhanced charitable giving, greater support of a cause you feel passionately about, or just helping out someone who you know could use a little help.

 

They say with more power comes greater responsibility. I agree, but I’d also say with more income comes greater possibility! If you are fortunate enough to have experienced a bump in your income or know you are about to get a raise or a bonus, use it thoughtfully. Have a little bit of fun, but also make it count!

 

-Tom

Qualified Charitable Distributions

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If I were a betting man, I’d say there is probably a pretty good chance that you have recently put the finishing touches on your tax return. If I’m wrong, congratulations on getting your taxes done early! Your CPA thanks you, trust me. If I’m wrong because I just reminded you that your taxes are due on April 18th this year, save this post for later and make double sure that your CPA is filing you an extension!

Either way, while taxes are still likely fresh in your mind, I wanted to mention something to you for this year called Qualified Charitable Distributions. For those of us who do not like to type or write long words, we affectionately call them “QCDs.”

Qualified Charitable Distributions allow an IRA owner who is over age 70 ½ the opportunity to directly transfer up to $100,000 annually from an IRA to a qualified charity tax-free. QCDs are not new in the sense that they were created by Congress back in 2006 as part of the Pension Protection Act, but they have had a roller coaster history ever since. In the initial legislation, QCDs were only to exist for two years, and at the end of 2007, the opportunity to make QCDs was no more. QCDs became popular during that time period though, and almost every year since 2007, Congress hemmed and hawed over whether to bring them back each tax year or not. Some years they did, some years they didn’t, and some years they did retroactively (I wish I could do things retroactively…). To put it simply, it was a mess. Thankfully, as a result of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016, QCDs are back, and for now at least, they are back permanently.

When a taxpayer makes a QCD, they don’t report taxable income for transferring money from their IRA and they don’t report a charitable deduction, either. It’s almost like it never happened for tax purposes. If a taxpayer just withdrew money from their IRA and donated it like normal, they would report the taxable income and they could take a charitable deduction. The taxpayer gets hit with the “stick” of the additional income, but receives the “carrot” of an additional deduction. So which should you do?

I’ll be honest with you, in most cases, the initial difference on your taxes from charitably gifting by making a QCD or not making a QCD usually appears pretty small, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t consider a QCD. By not having to report the additional income when you make a QCD, it’s possible you can avoid triggering or reduce the damage of some of the tax laws currently in place that penalize taxpayers. Charitably giving by making a QCD could reduce your income taxes on your Social Security benefits, it could reduce a phase-out of your itemized deductions, and it could keep your income under one of those heinous Medicare income thresholds so that your insurance premiums don’t increase. If you don’t have a lot of deductions and take the standard deduction instead of itemizing your deductions, a QCD is likely a good idea for you because otherwise you will be recognizing income and not having enough deductions to get any credit on your taxes.

I know that was a lot, and I’m sorry. I’m still a recovering CPA... My point is if you or someone you know is over age 70 ½, they have an IRA, and they are charitably inclined, make sure they ask their CPA about this new potentially tax-saving tool that we now permanently have in our taxpayer toolbox. Just do your CPA a favor, and ask them after April 18th!

-Tom

Failing to Plan

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I don’t know about you, but the beginning of the year is when I usually do my greatest amount of planning. New Year’s resolutions, vacation itineraries, home improvement lists, and fitness routines can currently be found in my personal effects. Maybe I’m too rigid. Maybe I’m not spontaneous enough. What can I say? I need a plan of attack. Without one, I feel lost.

A lot of people I meet for the first time seem to view financial planning like a trip to the dentist. It’s not always fun, and you might not look forward to it, but it is necessary to keep your teeth clean and avoid a root canal. I’m no dentist, but I do firmly believe financial planning is necessary to accumulate and grow your assets, and to avoid the many financial potholes lurking around out there.

• Consider someone facing the huge burden of paying for their child’s college tuition the next four years versus someone who started a 529 Plan for their child eighteen years ago.
• Consider someone who wants to retire a year from now, but can’t possibly maintain their lifestyle in retirement versus someone who implemented a debt-reduction plan ten years ago so they could coast into retirement debt-free.
• Consider someone who made a generous charitable contribution the year after they retired when they were in a low tax bracket versus someone who more strategically made a generous charitable contribution right before they retired when they were in a high tax bracket.
• Consider the family of someone who is left in a coma after a tragic automobile accident with no estate plan in place versus the family of someone who took the time to execute a will, a Power of Attorney, and a Health Care Directive.
• Consider the family of someone killed in an automobile accident who never wanted to bother with the health questionnaire for life insurance versus the family of someone who made sure their family would be financially secure in the worst of circumstances.

 

Oftentimes it is better to be lucky than good, but I’m not always that lucky. I need peace of mind and confidence in my family’s financial security. I’m a firm believer in Ben Franklin's famous words that "If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail."

 

Just as a dentist can help a toothache, people often come to me at a time of financial crisis like imminent retirement, unexpected termination, a surprise job offer, a birth, a health tragedy, a death, or a divorce. Yes, I can certainly help, but it’s much easier and there are so many more options if you plan ahead. Maybe it’s me, but I prefer flossing a little along the way and having a few checkups every year to a painful toothache and a drill!

 

-Tom

My Default Savings Plan

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I don’t know about you, but I often do better with a plan. To my wife’s credit, she’s helped me become more able to enjoy going along with an unexpected or unanticipated opportunity, but there are still some areas in my life where I need some “navigational buoys” so to speak. One of those areas is savings, and I don’t think I’m alone in that regard. Without a savings plan in place, money seems to burn holes in pockets and disappear.

With that in mind, I’d like to offer up my default savings plan. Now, this plan is not exactly what I always do, it is not what I always advise accumulating clients to do, and it might not even be what I’d specifically recommend for you, but I do believe it is a good place to start for most people. Here goes:

1. Try to live off of 60% -70% of your take-home pay. If you so choose, tithe or donate 10%, spend 10% on fun, and save 10% - 20%.
2. Of the 10% - 20% I recommend you at least save, I’d suggest you consider doing the following, and in the following order:
1. Save six months’ worth of your monthly expenses in a cash savings account separate from your day-to-day checking account.
2. Pay down any and all outstanding credit card debt you may have and keep it paid off!
3. If applicable, make sure you are contributing to your employer’s retirement plan the amount or percentage you need to in order to maximize their matching contribution.
3. Once you’ve addressed number two, I’d propose making maximum IRA contributions (probably to a Roth IRA if you can, but it could depend…).
4. Once number two and number three are checked off, I’d propose you utilize your savings in the following ways:

• 1/3 as additional contributions to your employer’s retirement plan.
• 1/3 as contributions to a taxable brokerage account (after all, you may want to be able to access some of your investments penalty-free before your 50s).
• 1/3 as additional principal payments to reduce your school, car, home, or other debt(s).

Sure, there might be a college fund for a little one, a pending basement renovation, or an upcoming anniversary trip that needs some of your savings firepower, but this should at least get you started. It is my hope that you will use my plan as your plan. It is my hope that you will use this plan as your policy as your personal and financial situation progresses, so that one day, you don’t look back and wonder where all of that hard-earned cash went. However, if you want to talk specifics about your situation, I’m happy to. You know where to find me.

 

-Tom

Donor Advised Funds

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Do you want to give money to a good and noble cause, but haven’t really found one that you like? Do you already give cash or appreciated stock to several charitable organizations, but wish you could give more? Are you already giving about as much as you realistically can and still wish you could give more? Perhaps you’ve had a really good year at work, you sold a business, or one of your stock holdings shot up like a rocket, and you want to give charitably over time and not all in one year? If you or anyone you know can relate to the above scenarios, you are not alone, and I may have just the solution you have been looking for: a donor advised fund.

A donor advised fund is an account that is maintained by a sponsoring charitable organization and lets donors give to charity with greater flexibility while still realizing the tax benefits associated with charitable gifting. In English, if you wanted to open a donor advised fund, you would open an account with a sponsoring charitable organization such as Schwab Charitable or Fidelity Charitable, and you would contribute your donations directly to them. This would allow you to lock in your immediate tax deduction just as if you had given a check to the American Heart Association. However, with a donor advised fund, you don’t have to immediately distribute your contribution. For example, if you gave $2,000 worth of appreciated Apple stock in 2014, you could distribute the contribution in 2015, 2021, or whenever you like. You could certainly distribute the funds in 2014 if you wanted to, but you wouldn’t have to, because once you contributed the Apple stock to your donor advised fund, it’s no longer yours. Essentially, you made an irrevocable gift, but you reserved the right to direct where the distribution goes at a later date.

By contributing to a donor advised fund and not immediately distributing your contribution, your contribution “lingers” in your account for a longer period of time. During this time, your contributions can be invested, and any growth will be tax-free. As with any investment, the value of your account could go up and it could go down, but your deduction won’t change (remember, you locked that in at the value of your donation when you originally contributed). This ability to let contributions linger can give a donor time to decide which organizations they want to benefit, and it can give a donor’s invested contributions time to grow and one day potentially offer a greater monetary benefit to a particular charity than the smaller, initial contribution could have offered. (That being said, I know of plenty of good charitable organizations that need money now to advance their cause and further their mission, so you’ll have to personally weigh immediate impact versus long-term financial magnitude.)

If you have a big tax year or your income stream is pretty sporadic (a lot one year, a little for a few years, then a lot again one year), donor advised funds can really be a good fit for you. If you’re charitably inclined, your CPA and financial advisor are probably encouraging you to give in those good income years so that you can fulfill your charitable desires and hopefully maximize your charitable deductions. As we discussed earlier, a donor advised fund will allow you to lock in your donation in that high tax year, but it will also allow you to give as you wish. Another way of saying this would be that a donor advised fund lets someone make charitable contributions sporadically and strategically (to their donor advised fund) and charitable distributions (to qualifying charitable organizations) smoothly, or however they wish.

Finally, what happens if you pass away and still have money left in your donor advised fund? Well, there are several possibilities. You could name charitable beneficiaries that would receive whatever is left in your account, or you could name another person or people as your contingent successor(s) to direct the distribution of assets left in your donor advised fund. Simply naming a charitable beneficiary is smooth and clean, but I have seen cases where naming spouses and children as contingent successors has worked really well. It allows contingent successors to benefit organizations they feel strongly about, and it also powerfully instills how important “giving back” was to the deceased one last time.

A donor advised fund is not for everyone, but I think it’s a pretty nifty tool considering all of the flexibility it offers. It’s sort of like having your own private foundation!

-Tom

Keeping It in the Family

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A common goal of many of the clients I serve is keeping “it” in the family. No, that’s not a south Alabama reference; I’m talking about keeping heirlooms, assets, and wealth inside the family clan. There are many financial aspects that families need to consider, and some may require complex, technical, and creative solutions to get the intended job done. My intent in this post is to scratch the surface and bring a few common issues I’ve seen to your attention.

Annual exclusion gifting- In 2014, you can give $14,000 or less to another individual, and it will be exempt from gift tax implications. This is a great way to keep assets in the family, as the transfer is exempt from gift taxes and can reduce the assets of older family members that could potentially make up an otherwise taxable estate. However, this practice can also create problems if the recipients start feeling entitled to the gifting or become dependent on it and the donor can’t bring themselves to cut off the giving if their own financial situation becomes less favorable.

Unintended Will Consequences- Leaving things to family members by will is also a great and somewhat obvious way to keep things in the family, but there can still be problems. What if you leave your residence to your two kids 50/50 and one wants to sell it and one wants to keep it? Your bequest just became a family feud! What if your will leaves all of your assets to your second wife and her will leaves all of her assets to her kids from her first marriage? If you have kids from your first marriage and predecease your second wife, your kids could be totally left out if the proper estate planning is not in place! What if you leave all of your stuff to your daughter and she couldn’t care less about your beloved coin collection that your brother would love to have? Without specifically bequeathing personal effects, the possessions that some people in your family view as treasures could be treated as trash, literally!

Forgotten Beneficiary Designations- What if you forgot to change the beneficiary designation of your company’s life insurance policy to your second husband after you remarried and the proverbial bread truck comes by? Forget you look like Wile E. Coyote - your second husband would be left without an asset he could have really benefited from while your regrettable ex-husband would be the recipient of a most pleasant and unexpected surprise! Remember, beneficiary designations trump your will!

The “Tax Bite”- There are numerous strategies that you can employ right before the end of your life (and even at death) to reduce Uncle Sam’s potential income and estate tax bites out of your estate. Less tax means more money to your charities, causes, and heirs. Uncle Sam’s share can be sizable, so tax planning should always be considered if you want to keep as much in the family as you can.

Closely Held Family Business Succession- If there is a closely held family business involved in your affairs, there definitely needs to be a clear succession plan in place to ensure the business entity stays in your family or at least compensates your family. Far too often when a business’s founder or leader passes away, a family disagreement between heirs with different objectives, expectations of the business, and degrees of interest or experience with the business comes to light. If the business just automatically goes to the spouse, that person could be forced into a position they don’t want to be in, or frankly, aren’t good at. Think of how painful it would be for the former business owner looking down to watch the value he or she painfully built up brick by brick fall apart, fail, or become a relationship strain for their family.

Annual exclusion gifting, careful will considerations, proper titling and beneficiary designations, advantageous tax planning, and thoughtful family business succession planning can help keep it in the family. Many people don’t want their heirs to know too much, and I totally get that, but I’d also counter that you don’t want your heirs to know too little either. I’ve heard it said that people spend forty years accumulating assets, twenty years trying to preserve assets, and about thirty minutes figuring out how to distribute their assets. If you want to keep family peace, leave the legacy you intend, and keep as much of your wealth in the family as possible, I’d advise getting together with your financial advisor, estate attorney, and accountant to take a look.

-Tom

How to Spend It All

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Usually I try to write something about how to save money, budget, or invest. Occasionally I’ll go a little further out on a limb and talk about tax-saving opportunities, the importance of adequate insurance, or even some estate planning considerations. I try to make my messages timely, truthful, fairly upbeat, and hopefully, helpful. Today I’m doing something different: I’m throwing a changeup. I’m going to tell you how you can spend it all. Based on my personal experiences, situations I’ve heard about, and things I’ve read, I’m going to try to convey to you a shockingly simple lesson I’ve learned: No amount of money is so large that it cannot be spent.

• If you own so many pieces of real estate that you can’t rattle off all of the zip codes, you could probably spend it all. Even if you can afford the properties, the upkeep, additional insurance required, and property taxes might whittle away at your financial position over time. Also, as we relearned in the mid-to-late 2000s, real estate does not always appreciate.
• If you are so concentrated in one (or even a handful of stocks) that an Enron-esque fiasco for your holding(s) would literally bring you to tears, you could probably spend it all. I know, “They’re a great company, always have been and always will be,” but please go talk to some undiversified General Motors, Wachovia, and Lehman Brothers shareholders and get their perspectives.
• If you can’t say no to a single charitable call-a-thon or “urgent” donation request form in the mail, you could probably spend it all. Giving to charity is great on so many financial and personal levels, but if you are giving more and more, and your income and assets are not keeping up, you might find yourself someday needing charity.
• If you frequently “binge shop,” you could probably spend it all. Whether it is shoes, purses, hunting equipment, or the latest technological gadgets and gizmos does not matter; whether you can control your spending or not when times get a little hard does.
• If you can’t possibly have fun at a restaurant, hotel, or golf course that is not 5 stars, you could probably spend it all. Sometimes a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, a Holiday Inn Express, and a countryside course without a “19th Hole Bar & Grill” can suffice.
• If you can’t stop giving money away to your family, you could probably spend it all. Helping those you care about can be such an admirable act and very much appreciated by the recipients, but sometimes tough love and an occasional “No” will actually help them more in the long run.
• If you can’t ever achieve emotional peace when it comes to how you are invested, you can probably spend it all. I once saw a cartoon sketch that showed a stock market chart where the individual kept buying at the top of the market and selling at the bottom of the market. The punchline read something to the effect of “Repeat until broke!” Life is too short to not have peace of mind and the ability to focus on what is truly important. Sure there are market ups and downs, but if you are ever invested in a way that leaves you constantly uncomfortable, you shouldn’t be.  

I’m not trying to be Scrooge. I just thought I’d take a different approach to my usual message of saving and being fiscally responsible, and instead, share a few, common ways on how you can make hard-earned assets disappear.

Being broke and working is bad. Being broke and retired is even worse. Potentially leaving a little to your heirs may not be your goal, but it isn’t the worst thing in the world, either. Remember, if you really don’t like your heirs, you can always bequeath whatever you have left to your friends or to charity.

Please, whatever you do, just don’t spend it all!

-Tom

I Wanna Be a Billionaire

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Earlier this week, I spent a fair amount of time reading a very technical, highbrow article about many things someone could do with their wealth to build an enduring legacy. The article was very useful, and I even learned some new financial planning techniques and strategies I may mention to some of the clients I serve, but in the words of Ron Burgundy (Anchorman reference), it reeked of “leather-bound books and rich mahogany.”

I want to be clear - there is nothing wrong with a good leather-bound book or a rich mahogany bookshelf, but that article was simply not for everyone. I’d go so far as to say it was written for only a very small group of people. Now I always tell all of my clients the truth and try to give all of my clients the same advice I would give my mother if she were in their shoes, but the thing is, the clients I serve are very, very different from one another. Some have cufflinks, some have holey blue jeans. Some like beef wellington, some like a hamburger steak (I’d take the hamburger steak, myself!). There’s nothing wrong with being different, and quite frankly, I enjoy the daily challenge of being a financial planning “chameleon” as I tweak my approach, tactics, and explanations to try to provide the best advice I can in a manner that each, unique client can relate to and understand.

I tell you all this so you can hopefully appreciate my motivation behind today’s post. Today, I offer some financial thoughts and commentary for you to think about as you live your life and consider what type of legacy you want to build, and one day, leave behind. I’m attempting the same thing as the author of the aforementioned highbrow article, but I don’t think overly-technical speech and a rich mahogany vocabulary are always necessary when trying to help people financially. Here goes nothing, but let’s see what I can do with a slightly “PG-13ed” excerpt of Travie McCoy and Bruno Mars’ “Billionaire,” a reggae, pop rap song about what McCoy would do if he had a billion dollars. The song lyrics are italicized and green; my commentary is in parentheses and black.

I wanna be a billionaire so freaking bad
(You and me both!)
Buy all of the things I never had
(There’s nothing wrong with prudently spending some of your hard-earned money. You need to save, you need to pay down debt, and you need to invest, but it’s important to remember that when your time comes, you can’t take your money with you!)
Uh, I wanna be on the cover of Forbes magazine
(It’s true, with personal or financial success there often comes fame and public attention, so you need to be careful. Even if you don’t quite make the cover of Forbes, it’s probably a good idea to have a substantial umbrella policy like we discussed in "Surviving Mayhem," or one with liability coverage close to your total net worth.)
Smiling next to Oprah and the Queen
(As I’ve gotten older, I realize more and more that there is sadly some truth to the phrase, “It’s not what you know but who you know.” If that is indeed the case in this cruel world, at least try to leverage your contacts and relationships to do good and make a difference!)
Oh every time I close my eyes
I see my name in shining lights yeah
A different city every night alright
I swear the world better prepare
For when I'm a billionaire
(The world better prepare and so should you! Planning in advance and examining the pros and cons of a life or financial decision before you make it is absolutely crucial. You don’t want to start a business and then worry about the wording in the partnership agreement, you don’t want to begin thinking about saving up money to send your kid to college when they’re already a senior in high school, and you don’t want to weigh the impact of choosing an annuity pension versus taking a lump sum at retirement for the very first time on your last day on the job!)
Yeah I would have a show like Oprah
I would be the host of everyday Christmas
Give Travie your wish list
(You can currently give someone up to $14,000 per year without their being any gift tax consequences.)
I'd probably pull an Angelina and Brad Pitt
And adopt a bunch of babies that ain't never had stuff
(Adopting is a wonderful thing to do. If you want to help, but you’re not in a position to adopt, there are many, very good charities you can assist with your time or resources that benefit children in need.)
Give away a few Mercedes like 'Here lady have this'
(Please talk to your financial advisor, insurance agent, and family BEFORE you give away a Mercedes!)
And last but not least grant somebody their last wish
(Contributions to the Make-A-Wish Foundation are tax-deductible…)
…I'd probably visit where Katrina hit
And do a lot more than FEMA did…
(Once again, there are numerous charitable opportunities where you can make a difference. Oftentimes in the case of a major disaster, you can specifically direct your contributions with many national and international charities.)
…Toss a couple million in the air just for the heck of it
(Please don’t.)
But keep the fives, twenties, tens and bens completely separate
(It is critical that any money of substance you have accumulated be diversified and secured. Investments need to be properly allocated, too much cash in one bank account isn’t as secure as it could be and the interest isn’t going to keep up with inflation anyway, and having cash stuck under the mattress can be a huge security risk (theft, fire, etc.))
And yeah I'll be in a whole new tax bracket
(You got that right! The new top federal tax rate is 39.6%. Add in state taxes, payroll taxes, and the Medicare surcharge, and your overall tax rate is likely getting on up there. It’s always a good time for tax planning with your CPA or financial advisor.)
We in recession but let me take a crack at it
I'll probably take whatever's left and just split it up
So everybody that I love can have a couple bucks
(It’s important to have an up-to-date estate plan in place. The current estate exemption amount is $5.25 million per person, so many people will not face estate taxes, but with as many tax laws that have changed in recent years, you need to make sure your money is still going where you want it to go!)
And not a single tummy around me would know what hungry was
Eating good, sleeping soundly
(It is more blessed to give than to receive.)
I know we all have a similar dream
Go in your pocket, pull out your wallet
And put it in the air and sing…

We can’t all be billionaires, but it is fun (and important) to think about what we can do with what we have. I’ve got a meeting later this week with a couple, and we are going over their estate plan to do just that. Perhaps, I’d better split the difference and go with something between rich mahogany and reggae lyrics. Either way, if you feel like your life and your purpose are bigger than just you, I encourage you to think about what fingerprints you’re leaving behind. Please keep in mind that your actions and your finances can be powerful tools in leaving a legacy that you can be proud of.

-Tom

Appreciating Appreciated Securities

 


Credit: David Castillo Dominici

If you have not started preparing your 2012 taxes, consider this your reminder. If you have already prepared your 2012 taxes, did you have any charitable deductions? If you did, I may have an idea for you to consider in 2013.

Giving cash or clothes to churches, charities, or other qualified organizations is a very admirable gesture in my book. You are sacrificing to help others who are less fortunate. In addition to the good feeling you will probably experience from your generous gifts of cash, clothes, shoes, or books, the U.S. Tax Code will also likely allow you to take a charitable deduction that could potentially lower your income tax bill. It seems like a win-win situation, but it could be even better; the U.S. Tax Code also offers tax benefits to those who gift stock, particularly appreciated stock (stock that has gone up since you bought it), to charitable organizations.

How could giving stock be better you ask? Let me give you an example of one of the best tax planning “tricks” in the book!

Example: Bob and his wife Susan want to give $10,000 to the Salvation Army. They have some extra cash laying around, their closets are overflowing with clothes and shoes, and they have a considerable amount of Home Depot stock in a brokerage account Bob has been adding to over the years. Bob knows he could write a check to the Salvation Army like he does every year, he and Susan have needed to go through their closets for longer than they’d like to admit, and Bob remembers his friend Steve talking about what a “great deal” he got by giving his church some stock last year, but what should Bob do?

Bob and Susan can obviously give anything they choose in any manner(s) they choose, but here are the likely results of their three different options:

• Cash: This is probably the easiest and quickest way to give. Write a check, donate online, pay by credit card - whatever. You will help a charity and likely get a tax benefit. You will need to keep good records though (see “Records to Keep, Cash Contributions”).
• Non-Cash Items: While this is a great way to clean out your house and instantly provide gently used items to those in need, it will require more effort both when you clean out your closet and when you file your taxes. The number of hoops you will have to jump through  (see “Records to Keep, Noncash Contributions”) in order to claim a charitable deduction grows as your non-cash donations increase from less than $250, to between $250 and $500, to between $500 and $5,000, and above $5,000, so please keep this in mind if you choose to donate non-cash items. I’m not saying this isn’t a good way to give charitably, and I’m certainly not giving you another excuse to neglect your overflowing closet, but I am saying that you might want to box up your stuff and give $500 or less of non-cash items per year so that you don’t have to remember the day you bought a sweater and how much you originally paid for it, pay your CPA more to fill out another very detailed tax form, or even have to consider bringing in an appraiser. 
• Stock: As I mentioned earlier, Bob has a brokerage account with a lot of Home Depot stock in it. While he’s bought additional shares from time to time, he bought most of the shares on August 17, 2000, for $51.37 per share. Considering Home Depot closed at $71.37 per share on March 8, 2013, that means he has unrealized gains of $20 per share on most of his shares. If Bob and Susan want to give $10,000 to the Salvation Army, and Home Depot is at a price of $71.37 per share, Bob will need to transfer about 141 shares to the Salvation Army ($10,000 / $71.37 = 140.11 shares). Transferring these shares will likely require a call to his broker or financial advisor (and maybe even the Salvation Army) and some paperwork, so this is more complicated than just writing a check, but this is the strategy I would probably recommend for Bob, and here is why:
• If Bob transfers 141 shares of Home Depot to the Salvation Army, he and Susan will probably be allowed to take a charitable deduction for the current fair market value of the stock at the time of the transfer ($71.37 per share in our example) of around $10,000. That’s just as good as giving cash!
• If Bob transfers 141 shares of Home Depot to the Salvation Army, he and Susan will not have to worry about any of the long-term capital gain taxes they would have encountered had they sold 141 shares of Home Depot stock and then given the cash to the Salvation Army, or used the cash themselves. Assuming Bob and Susan would have faced the 15% long-term capital gain rates, by giving the stock directly they saved themselves around $423 in taxes [($71.37 fair market value price - $51.37 purchase price) x 141 shares x 15% tax rate]. If they were higher-income taxpayers and faced the new 23.8% long-term capital gain rates, they saved themselves around $671 in taxes [($71.37 fair market value price - $51.37 purchase price) x 141 shares x 23.8% tax rate]. Those tax savings make giving appreciated securities better than cash!
• Now that Bob has $10,000 less of Home Depot stock than he might want, he can take $10,000 worth of his excess cash and purchase some new Home Depot shares. He would once again own around the same amount of Home Depot stock, and his new shares would have been purchased at around the current fair market value price of $71.37 per share. That means if Home Depot’s stock price continues to rise and he ever decides to sell the stock in the future, the gains on his new shares would only be based on stock price appreciation above his $71.37 purchase price - not the $51.37 purchase price of the shares he gave to the Salvation Army. Those potential, future tax savings could be worth something as well! (Of course, Bob could also decide not to use $10,000 of his excess cash to replace the Home Depot shares, and he could add those funds to his prudently diversified portfolio, but that’s for a different day…)

If you give charitably, I applaud you, and I hope you will keep on giving. If you currently don’t give charitably, please look after you and your family first, but I hope you will one day consider it. Either way, after today’s post, it is my goal that you now appreciate your appreciated securities a little bit more, and will consider the potential tax benefits of making stock gifting part of your charitable gifting strategy in 2013.

-Tom

Out of the Mouths of Babes

Credit: stockimages

A few weeks ago, I had a pretty neat experience.  I had the opportunity to go with some of my coworkers to a local middle school and teach a group of seventh graders for four hours. The program was sponsored by Junior Achievement, a nonprofit organization that teaches students about money management and how business works, and featured a basic curriculum that covers the different ways people can pay for things, the importance of budgeting, and the relationship between different jobs, their required levels of education, and their average salaries. I hope the students learned a thing or two from their substitute teacher, but I actually heard some refreshing things from them that I think are worth sharing with you today.

The lesson on mechanisms people can use to pay for things was primarily designed to teach the kids to be careful using credit cards. I figured this would be a tough sell, but I was wrong. One kid told me that his mom told him never to use credit cards and to pay for everything with cash. (Now that’s a little extreme, but it’s better than piling up credit card debt.) Another kid told me that her parents always pay off their credit cards every time they get a bill because “the interest is bad.” Impressed, I asked her what interest was, and she told me that “it’s the extra money people have to pay for spending too much.” (Well I don’t know many people who haven’t paid some interest towards a student loan, a car, or a house, but when it comes to credit cards, the girl had a point.) For the record, they all thought writing a check was really cool.

I thought the concept of budgeting would be pretty complex for a group of seventh graders, and I was right, but sometimes it even takes me quite a while to come up with appropriate budget proposals that are sustainable and can achieve most or all of my client’s goals. I’m proud to say that by the end of the activity, every single kid was able to make a budget that saved a little money or at least broke even, but they left me with two specific takeaways. First, every student except one put something on the charitable donation line without me even having to explain the potential tax benefits or discuss the moral and religious obligations many people feel towards giving charitably. (Wow, maybe there is hope for the world!) I should also tell you that the one kid who did not budget charitable donations wanted to, but could not, because his randomly-drawn “occupation card” did not make enough money for him to look after his family’s needs and give to others. Second, I got to see our country’s ongoing philosophical debate about taxes that we hear about every day on the news through the eyes of seventh graders. When I asked the students to define taxes, one kid told me that taxes were “money the government takes from your check to give to the army and other people.” Another student waving her hand quickly told me that taxes were “money everyone gives to the government to help those who need it.” I thought I was in a room with middle schoolers, but what I heard sounded a lot like the differing views of many opinionated adults I know. (I guess you start forming your political beliefs at a young age!)

The last lesson also featured the “occupation cards” I previously mentioned. Essentially, every kid drew a card that had a profession on it and an average monthly salary before and after taxes. While I had an improbably high number of doctor and lawyer “wannabes” at first, we had a surprisingly diverse workforce by the time I was done. Some of the kids were more interested in higher education, some were more driven to do something they were good at, and some were more focused on doing something they enjoyed. Sure, I gave them the lines about being whatever you want to be and doing something you love, but we ended up having a fairly deep conversation about the importance of balancing your interests and skills with your capability and probability of making a living. I knew I had delivered my assigned message of teaching them to balance interests, skills, and financial practicality in planning for the future when the most outspoken girl told me she was going to “do her favorite thing that paid her enough money to buy a BMW.” Mission accomplished, sort of.

Finally, I have to tell you one last thing I learned during my experience: Being a teacher is hard work! Even though I believe Junior Achievement’s program is much-needed and a great idea (and I plan on volunteering again), I was exhausted, a little low on patience, and had a splitting headache by the end of my four hours with twenty-four crazed twelve- and thirteen-year-olds . Go find one of your old teachers, tell them thank you, and by all means, give them a bottle of ibuprofen. They deserve it!

-Tom

Robin Hood

Credit: FreeDigitalPhotos.net

I often got harassed in college for wanting to be an accountant. I had my reasons, and believe me, none of them had to do with cubicles, ten keys, or green visors. I wanted to become an accountant and, in turn, became a financial planner so I could “do” the math that I love, follow the news and investments that have always interested me, and get to know new people and hopefully help them. I’ve always been motivated by helping others, and that’s because helping others makes me feel like Robin Hood. You read correctly: Robin Hood. Now I don’t wear Sherwood green, and I’m certainly not often a “man in tights,” but I do view my job’s purpose as being eerily similar to the path chosen by Sir Robin of Locksley. I promise you can trust me with your deepest financial concerns and your largest investment portfolio, but I should probably tell you that I frequently help my clients rob from the “rich” and give to the “poor." Let me explain…

I get to be Robin Hood because of tax planning. As an accountant and a financial planner, I frequently work with clients on ways to lower income taxes and reduce estate taxes. This allows my clients to give less money to the government and direct the destination of more of their money. One of the biggest arrows in my quill of tax planning opportunities is charitable giving, and charitable giving lets me take my Robin Hood complex one step further. By making charitable donations, my clients give less to the government and get to help a lot of worthwhile organizations; many that benefit the sick or less fortunate. That’s why today, I want to briefly discuss charitable giving.

People make charitable contributions for a variety of reasons: some feel religiously obligated, some feel socially obligated, some donate out of the genuine goodness of their hearts, and some people contribute solely for the tax benefits. I know people who fall under all of these categories, but I never judge my clients’ reasons. I only look at the fact that charitable donations are win-win situations, because the donor is not only getting a tax benefit, but is also helping a good cause or several causes.

How can you donate? As you probably know, you can give cash. You can also give property. I would like to point out that, while you won’t be eligible for a tax deduction for the value of your time or services given to a nonprofit or charity, that doesn’t mean you can’t still donate your time or services.

To whom can you donate and receive a tax benefit? Per the IRS’s latest publication, you can donate to religious, charitable, educational, scientific, and literary foundations or organizations. You can also make a donation to organizations working for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals, war veterans’ organizations, certain non-profit entities, or to the United States (or any individual state) itself. Under tax treaties, there may also be tax-deductible donations you can make to Canadian, Mexican, or Israeli charities. Just be sure to check with the organization and your CPA or financial planner to make sure your donation will yield the tax deduction you are expecting (as always, there are specific tax laws).

To whom should you donate? I would say to whatever cause(s) you feel the most passionate about. Perhaps that means you donate to a church, to your alma mater, or maybe to an organization looking for the cure to the disease that took your grandmother from you way too soon. For what it’s worth, some of my favorite organizations are: The Salvation Army, Epworth by the Sea, the Alzheimer’s Association, the Arthritis Foundation, and the Rally Foundation.

Before you make any charitable donations or increase your charitable giving, please note that you must look after your financial security first. You are by no means the Sheriff of Nottingham by doing that; you are just being realistic. I also want to emphasize that you are never making money with charitable donations; you are simply shifting who gets what percentage of money by making a donation or donations that happen to change your effective tax rate or get you below an estate tax exemption. A charitable donation may not make you better off, but you will have the satisfaction of knowing you made a cause, or the people who benefit from the cause, better off. An added bonus is that you might just feel like Robin Hood, or at least Little John.

-Tom